A preliminary study of retinoblastoma-related serum tumor markers / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To screen out retinoblastoma (RB)-related serum tumor markers by measuring the levels of serum alpha fetoprotein (AFP), carcino-embryonic antigen (CEA), neuron-specific enolase (NSE), carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125), carbohydrate antigen 153 (CA153), carbohydrate antigen 199 (CA199), and carbohydrate antigen 724 (CA724) in children with RB.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The levels of seven serum tumor markers (AFP, CEA, NSE, CA125, CA153, CA199, and CA724) were determined in 20 children with RB and 20 healthy children (control) using a chemiluminescent immunoassay.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The serum levels and positive rates of NSE, CA153, and CA199 in the RB group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). However, there were no significant differences in the levels of AFP, CEA, CA125, and CA724 between the two groups (P>0.05). NSE had the highest sensitivity, but a relatively low specificity for the diagnosis of RB. CA153 and CA199 had a relatively high specificity, but a relatively low sensitivity for the diagnosis of RB.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The serum levels and positive rates of NSE, CA153, and CA199 are high in children with RB. Combined measurement of these three serum tumor markers may have an important diagnostic value for RB.</p>

Clinical features and risk factors of co-morbid tic disorder in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the clinical features and risk factors of co-morbid tic disorder (TD) in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 312 children with ADHD were involved in this study. Subtypes of co-morbid TD, incidences of TD in different subtypes of ADHD (ADHD-I, ADHD-HI and ADHD-C) were observed. Thirteen potential factors influencing the comorbidity rate of TD in ADHD were evaluated by univariate analysis and multiple logistic regression analysis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Forty-two of 312 children with ADHD suffered from co-morbid TD (13.5%). Comorbidity rate of TD in children with ADHD-C (24.1%) was significantly higher than in those with ADHD-HI (10.9%) and ADHD-I (8.8%) (P<0.05). There were 21 cases (50.0%) of transient TD, 12 cases (28.6%) of chronic TD, and 9 cases (21.4%) of Tourette syndrome. The univariate analysis revealed 6 factors associated with comorbidity: addiction to mobile phone or computer games, poor eating habits, infection, improper family education, poor relationship between parents and poor relationship with schoolmates. Multiple logistic analysis revealed two independent risk factors for comorbidity: improper family education (OR=7.000, P<0.05) and infection (OR=2.564, P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The incidence of co-morbid TD in children with ADHD is influenced by many factors, and early interventions should be performed based on the main risk factors.</p>

Risk factors of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm infants and predictive value of Score for Neonatal Acute Physiology on incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Objective To investigate the risk factors of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in preterm infants,and to explore the clinical application value of Score for Neonatal Acute Physiology(SNAP) in predicting the development of BPD.Methods The clinical and laboratory data of 202 premature infants with gestational age ＜ 35 weeks were reviewed.The premature infants were divided into BPD group and non-BPD group,the SNAP values for each infant during the first 24 hours of admission were calculated,the risk factors of BPD were analyzed,and the relationship between SNAP and the development of BPD was analyzed.Results There were significant differences in gestational age,birth weight and 5 min Apgar score,serum albumin between BPD group and non-BPD group(all P ＜0.05).The incidences of respiratory distress syndrome,apnea of prematurity,respiratory failure,hospital-acquired infection,anemia,patent ductus arteriosus,brain damage in BPD group were significantly higher than those in non-BPD group (all P ＜0.05).In addition,compared with non-BPD group,the times and duration of mechanical ventilation and oxygen therapy were longer in BPD group(all P ＜ 0.05).Multivariate Logistic regression revealed that gestational age,SNAP,hospitalacquired infection,and apnea of prematurity were independent risk factors of BPD (all P ＜ 0.05).The sensitivity of the SNAP was 88.6％ in predicting the development of BPD.Conclusions The development of BPD in premature infants is related with multiple factors,which provide useful information for further research on BPD.In addition,the SNAP values in premature infants can be used to predict the development of BPD.

Expression of P38 MAPK and MMP-2 mRNA in neonatal rats with hyperoxia-induced lung injury / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe P38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (P38 MAPK) and matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) mRNA expression level changes in neonatal rats with hyperoxia-induced lung injury,and to investigate the influence of P38 MAPK activation on MMP-2 mRNA expression.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Thirty-six Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into three groups: air control, hyperoxia and SB203580-treated hyperoxia (n=12). The rats were sacrificed on the 3rd and 7th days and the lungs were removed. Hematoxylin-eosine staining was used to observe the pathological changes in lung tissues.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with the air and SB203580-treated groups, levels of P38 MAPK and MMP-2 mRNA significantly increased in the hyperoxia group (P<0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Expression of P38 MAPK increases in neonatal rats with hyperoxia-induced acute lung injury and this may play a role in control of the expression of MMP-2 mRNA.</p>

Genetic polymorphism of GST gene in children with infectious mononucleosis and acute lymphocytic leukemia / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the relationship between glutathione S-transferase genes GSTT1 and GSTM1 polymorphisms and the susceptibility to infectious mononucleosis (IM) and acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) in children.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The case-control study involved 106 children with IM, 41 children with ALL and a control group of 100 children with non-hematologic and nontumorous diseases. The genetic polymorphisms of GSTT1 and GSTM1 were detected with multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Distribution of the genotypes in the children was analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The frequency of GSTT1 null genotype in children with IM was significantly higher than in the control group (P<0.05). The risk of IM in children carrying GSTT1 null genotype was 2.186 times higher than in those carrying GSTT1 non-null genotype. The children carrying both GSTT1 and GSTM1 null genotype had a higher risk of suffering from IM compared to those carrying only one of the null genotypes (OR=4.937). The frequency of GSTM1 null genotype in children with ALL was significantly higher than in the control group (P<0.05). The risk of ALL in children carrying GSTM1 null genotype was 2.242 times higher than in those in carrying GSTT1 non-null genotype. Children carrying both GSTT1 and GSTM1 null genotype had a higher risk of suffering from ALL compared with those carrying only one of the null genotypes (OR=8.552).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Children carrying GSTT1 or GSTM1 null genotype have a high risk of suffering from IM or ALL. Still more increased susceptibility to IM or ALL may occur in children who carry both GSTT1 and GSTM1 null genotype. GSTT1 and GSTM1 might play a potential role in the pathogenesis of both IM and ALL.</p>

Current status of neonatal acute respiratory disorders: a one-year prospective survey from a Chinese neonatal network / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>We conducted a prospective, multicenter investigation of incidence, management and outcome of neonatal acute respiratory disorders (NARD), and evaluated related perinatal risk factors and efficacy of respiratory therapies in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) in a Chinese neonatal network.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Data were prospectively collected in 2004 - 2005 from infants with NARD defined as presence of respiratory distress and oxygen requirement during the first 3 days of life.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A total of 2677 NARD was classified (20.5% of NICU admissions). There were 711 (5.44%) with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), 589 (4.51%) pulmonary infection, 409 (3.13%) meconium aspiration syndrome, 658 (5.03%) aspiration of amniotic fluid and 239 (1.83%) transient tachypnoea. Meconium aspiration syndrome had the highest rate with fetal distress, transient tachypnoea from cesarean section, and RDS with maternal disorders. Assisted mechanical ventilation was applied in 53.4% of NARD, and in above five disorders with 84.7%, 52.3%, 39.8%, 24.5%, and 53.6%, respectively. Corresponding mortality in these disorders was 31.4%, 13.6%, 17.8%, 4.1% and 5.0%, respectively. Surfactant was provided to 33.9% of RDS. In all RDS infants, the survival rate was 78.8% if receiving surfactant, and 63.4% if not (P < 0.001).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>This study provided NICU admission-based incidence and mortality of NARD, reflecting efficiency of advanced respiratory therapies, which should be a reference for current development of respiratory support in NICU at provincial and sub-provincial levels, justifying efforts in upgrading standard of care in emerging regions through a collaborative manner.</p>